What is the planned passenger capacity for the new BIA Terminal 2?

Terminal 2 is designed to add 9 million passengers to the annual capacity, bringing the total annual capacity of Bandaranaike International Airport to 15 million.

Why was the construction of the BIA second terminal originally suspended?

Construction was temporarily suspended in April 2022 due to the economic crisis and the sovereign debt default in Sri Lanka.

BIA Terminal 2 Construction to Resume in November 2026

Resumption of BIA Terminal 2 Project

Construction work on the Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) expansion project is scheduled to resume in November 2026, marking a significant milestone in Sri Lanka's aviation infrastructure recovery. The project, which focuses on the construction of a second passenger terminal, was previously halted in April 2022 following the nation's sovereign debt default. The Ministry of Ports and Civil Aviation expects to complete the facility within 30 months of the resumption date, aiming to alleviate the severe congestion currently plaguing the airport's legacy infrastructure.

Impact of JICA Funding

The project is supported by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), which has provided loan facilities totaling approximately 74.4 billion yen across two agreements signed in 2012 and 2016. During a recent high-level meeting between the Minister of Ports and Civil Aviation, Anura Karunatilleke, and the Japanese Ambassador to Sri Lanka, Isomata Akio, officials emphasized the necessity of finalizing the loan amount and signing a new agreement before awarding the contract to the selected bidder. This process is essential to ensure compliance with Official Development Assistance (ODA) guidelines, which govern the disbursement of Japanese funds.

Terminal Expansion Specifications

The Bandaranaike International Airport expansion is critical for the long-term growth of the national carrier, SriLankan Airlines, and other international operators. Currently, BIA operates under significant strain, as passenger volumes have historically exceeded the design capacity of the existing Terminal 1. The new Terminal 2 will add 185,900 square meters of floor area, effectively increasing the airport's annual passenger handling capacity from 6 million to 15 million. This expansion will also introduce 96 new check-in counters, a substantial increase over the 58 currently available.

Challenges and Governance

While the project moves toward resumption, Airport and Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Limited (AASL) faces scrutiny regarding its financial governance. The Auditor General of Sri Lanka previously flagged the organization for violating Sri Lanka Accounting Standards (LKAS) 23 by erroneously capitalizing salaries and loan interest during the project's suspension. Furthermore, the procurement process for the terminal's resumption has been subject to allegations of irregularities, raising concerns regarding transparency in the contractor selection process. Taisei Corporation, the original contractor, remains a primary bidder for the project, with the potential to recover sunk costs if successful.

Historical Context and Industry Trends

The situation mirrors broader industry trends where major airport infrastructure in emerging markets proves highly vulnerable to macroeconomic shocks. Historically, the suspension of the Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport (MRIA) expansion serves as a cautionary precedent for infrastructure projects stalled by financial instability. The current push to complete the BIA terminal is viewed by the government as a vital indicator of restored international financial confidence following the 2022 crisis.

Technical Comparison: BIA Terminal 1 vs. Terminal 2

Metric	Terminal 1 (Existing)	Terminal 2 (Proposed)
Annual Capacity	6 million	9 million
Floor Area	~90,000 sq m	185,900 sq m
Check-in Counters	58	96

Timeline for Completion

The project timeline anticipates the finalization of the renegotiated loan agreement by Q4 2026. Following the official resumption in November 2026, the construction phase is expected to span 30 months, with a target completion date of May 2029. This trajectory remains subject to the successful conclusion of financial negotiations between the Ministry of Finance and JICA.

Why This Matters for Regional Connectivity

The expansion of BIA is essential for maintaining Sri Lanka's position as a viable transit hub in South Asia. By addressing the current gate shortages and operational bottlenecks, the new terminal will allow for increased frequency and capacity for international carriers. For passengers, the project represents a necessary shift toward modern service standards, though the 30-month construction window implies that current overcrowding will persist in the near term.

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